![]() The limitations of this technique are that it is time-consuming, technique sensitive, and unpredictable. The conventional layering technique was designed to be used with the feldspathic porcelain, where the porcelain particles are mixed with glycerin or distilled water and are to be added in layers, mainly for metal-ceramic restorations. Many techniques have been reported for fabricating dental ceramic restorations. Material type, surface treatments, and glazing of ceramic materials contributed to the surface changes in the ceramic materials, necessitating further investigations in terms of the toothbrushing effect with different glazing as variables. Toothbrushing had no effect on surface roughness and color stability of all tested materials, but it decreased the microhardness. Toothbrushing showed a decrease in the microhardness of the three groups: EC and LP, p 0.05) however, the EC group was found to be considerably affected by color changes, in comparison to the EC and LP groups. The findings revealed a non-significant decrease in the surface roughness of EC, EP, and LP groups ( p > 0.05), and both LP and EP have the lowest surface roughness values (0.64 ± 0.13, 0.64 ± 0.08 µm) after brushing, respectively. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, and paired sample t-test α = 0.05. ![]() Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface profile analysis. Surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability (∆E) were measured before and after brushing. ![]() For each ceramic material, eight bar-shaped specimens were prepared and subjected to 10,000 brushing cycles. Three lithium disilicate-based ceramics (IPS Emax CAD, IPS Emax Press (Ivoclar Vivadent AG), and LiSi Press (GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan)) were examined. The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of artificial toothbrushing simulation on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of different ceramic materials. Pressable ceramic restorations have been introduced and investigated, and found comparable to CAD/CAM ceramic in terms of mechanical properties however, the effect of toothbrushing on the pressable ceramic has not been thoroughly investigated.
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